The Xianbei tribes of Liaoxi and Dai were initially important allies of Jin in helping them fight against Han Zhao, but later pulled out from the conflict to consolidate control over their territories. Serving under Liu Yuan was the former Jie slave, Shi Le, who would effectively control the eastern part of his empire. In the north, the Southern Xiongnu of Bing province took advantage of the Jin prince's infighting to establish the state of Han Zhao in 304, acclaiming the noble, Liu Yuan as their ruler.

Efforts to force these refugees back to Guanzhong were met with resistance and culminated the rebellion of the Ba- Di refugee, Li Te in 301.

Ethnic tensions in the Guanzhong region between the Han and the tribes, primarily the Qiang and Di, led to major revolts which resulted in an influx of refugees into southwestern China. Years of poor administration and civil wars between the ruling princes left the empire vulnerable to its disaffected and opportunistic subjects. Despite the period's name, many Han Chinese and other tribal people like the Wuhuan were also involved in the uprisings and often joined forces with the Five Barbarians. The ' Five Barbarians' were the Xiongnu, Jie, Qiang, Di and Xianbei, many of whom had resettled within China. Coinciding with the War of the Eight Princes that greatly weakened the empire, these conflicts eventually drove the Jin imperial court out of northern and southwestern China. 'Five foreign tribes disrupting China' ) is a Chinese expression used to refer to a chaotic period of warfare during the Jin dynasty (266–420) roughly between 304 and 316 which heavily involved non- Han peoples living in China, commonly called the Five Barbarians. The Upheaval of the Five Barbarians also translated as the Rebellion or the Revolt of the Five Barbarians ( simplified Chinese: 五胡乱华 traditional Chinese: 五胡亂華 lit. 100,000 Xiongnu, Jie, Di, Qiang and Han Chinese Expansion of Han Zhao in northern China and Cheng Han in Sichuan Fall of the Western Jin dynasty in northern China Formation of the Eastern Jin dynasty in southern China.Ĭ.

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